Ligand Architecture Impact on Coordination Polymer Biological Activity: Structure-Function Relationship Studies
Main Article Content
Abstract
Coordination polymers represent a fascinating class of materials where metal centers are connected through organic ligands to form extended network structures with diverse topologies and functionalities. The architectural design of ligands plays a crucial role in determining both the structural characteristics and biological activities of these materials. This comprehensive study investigates the intricate relationship between ligand architecture and the resulting biological properties of co-ordination polymers, focusing on how structural modifications influence antimicrobial, enzyme inhibition, and biocompatibility characteristics. Through systematic analysis of various ligand types including carboxylate, nitrogen-donor, and mixed-ligand systems, we demonstrate that specific structural features such as flexibility, donor atom positioning, and functional group orientation directly correlate with biological efficacy. Our findings reveal that V-shaped auxiliary ligands enhance urease inhibition activity, while biphenyl-dicarboxylate linkers provide optimal frameworks for catalytic applications with biological relevance. The study encompasses detailed structure-activity relationship analyses, examining how ligand conformation versatility affects coordination polymer properties and their subsequent biological applications. Results indicate that careful ligand selection and architectural planning can significantly improve therapeutic potential while maintaining structural integrity. This research provides valuable insights for the rational design of biologically active coordination polymers with enhanced performance characteristics for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
Article Details
Section
How to Cite
References
1. N. Li, R. Feng, J. Zhu, Z. Chang, and X.-H. Bu, “Conformation versatility of ligands in coordination polymers: From structural diversity to properties and applications,” Coord. Chem. Rev., vol. 375, pp. 558–586, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.05.016.
2. X.-Z. Guo, S.-S. Chen, W.-D. Li, S.-S. Han, F. Deng, and R. Qiao et al., “Series of Cadmium (II) Coordination Polymers Based on a Versatile Multi-N-Donor Tecton or Mixed Carboxylate Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Selectively Sensing Property,” ACS Omega, vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 11540–11553, 2019, doi: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01108.
3. S.-S. Han, Z.-W. He, L. Li, and S.-S. Chen, “A Cd (II) Coordination Polymer Based on Mixed Ligands: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties,” Crystals, vol. 9, no. 12, pp. 625–625, 2019, doi: 10.3390/cryst9120625.
4. F. Ding, N. Su, C. Ma, B. Li, W.-L. Duan, and J. Luan, “Fabrication of two novel two-dimensional copper-based coordination polymers regulated by the ‘V’-shaped second auxiliary ligands as high-efficiency urease inhibitors,” Inorg. Chem. Commun., vol. 170, p. 113319, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.inoche.2024.113319.
5. F. Ding, C. Y. Hung, J. K. Whalen, L. Wang, Z. Wei, L. Zhang, and Y. Shi, "Potential of chemical stabilizers to prolong urease inhibition in the soil–plant system#," J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., vol. 185, no. 3, pp. 384–390, 2022, doi: 10.1002/jpln.202100314.
6. Y. Cui, D. Wang, C. Zhou, X. Zhang, H. Ben, and X. Yang, "Interfacially Synergistic Pd-Supported Al-SiO2 Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenolysis of Cellulose to Ethanol," Appl. Catal. B: Environ. Energy, vol. 325, p. 125818, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.apcatb.2025.125818.
7. G. Xie, W. Guo, Z. Fang, Z. Duan, X. Lang, D. Liu, G. Mei, Y. Zhai, X. Sun, and X. Lu, “Dual‐Metal Sites Drive Tandem Electrocatalytic CO2 to C2+ Products,” Angew. Chem., vol. 136, no. 47, p. e202412568, 2024, doi: 10.1002/ange.202412568.
8. G. I. Dzhardimalieva and I. E. Uflyand, “Design and synthesis of coordination polymers with chelated units and their application in nanomaterials science,” RSC Adv., vol. 7, no. 67, pp. 42242–42288, 2017, doi: 10.1039/c7ra05302a.
9. F. Ding, C. Ma, W.-L. Duan, and J. Luan, “Second auxiliary ligand induced two coppor-based coordination polymers and urease inhibition activity,” J. Solid State Chem., vol. 331, pp. 124537–124537, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.jssc.2023.124537.
10. Allison Gonçalves Silva, H. Alexandre, José Carlos Souza, José Dantas Neto, Paulo, and Maria João Rocha et al., “The Chemistry and Applications of Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Industrial Enzyme Immobilization Systems,” Molecules, vol. 27, no. 14, pp. 4529–4529, 2022, doi: 10.3390/molecules27144529.
11. Vadia Foziya Yusuf, N. I. Malek, and Suresh Kumar Kailasa, “Review on Metal–Organic Framework Classification, Synthetic Approaches, and Influencing Factors: Applications in Energy, Drug Delivery, and Wastewater Treatment,” ACS Omega, vol. 7, no. 49, pp. 44507–44531, 2022, doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05310.
12. C. Wang, T. Zhang, and W. Lin, “Rational Synthesis of Noncentrosymmetric Metal–Organic Frameworks for Second-Order Nonlinear Optics,” Chem. Rev., vol. 112, no. 2, pp. 1084–1104, 2011, doi: 10.1021/cr200252n.
13. G. M. Ayoub, Bahar Karadeniz, A. J. Howarth, O. K. Farha, Ivica Đilović, and L. S. Germann et al., “Rational Synthesis of Mixed-Metal Microporous Metal–Organic Frameworks with Controlled Composition Using Mechanochemistry,” Chem. Mater., vol. 31, no. 15, pp. 5494–5501, 2019, doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b01068.
14. P. A. Demakov, “Properties of Aliphatic Ligand-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks,” Polymers, vol. 15, no. 13, pp. 2891–2891, 2023, doi: 10.3390/polym15132891.
15. J. Wang, H. Zhu, and S. Zhu, “Shaping of metal–organic frameworks at the interface,” Chem. Eng. J., vol. 466, p. 143106, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2023.143106.
16. L. Fan, S. Lin, X. Wang, L. Yue, T. Xu, and Z. Jiang et al., “A Series of Metal–Organic Framework Isomers Based on Pyridinedicarboxylate Ligands: Diversified Selective Gas Adsorption and the Positional Effect of Methyl Functionality,” Inorg. Chem., vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 2704–2715, 2021, doi: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03583.